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Franz Marc
(Feb. 8, 1880 Munich - Mar. 4, 1916 Verdun, France ) German Oil Painting Artist Biography.
Franz Marc was a pioneer in the birth of modern abstract art at the beginning of the 20th century, he put forth a new program for art based on exuberant color and on profoundly felt emotional and spiritual states. It was Marc's particular contribution to introduce paradisiacal imagery, known for the intense nature mysticism of his oil paintings of animals.
The son of a landscape painter, he decided to become an artist after a year of military service interrupted his plans to study philology. From 1900 to 1902, he studied at the Kunstakademie in Munich. Marc's early works were done in a self-consciously academic style, but in 1903 his stolid naturalism was lightened by his exposure to French Impressionist painting and later to the sensuous, curvilinear art of Munich's Jugendstil movement. Marc suffered from severe depressions from 1904 to 1907. In 1907, he went again to Paris, where he responded enthusiastically to the work of Paul Gauguin, Vincent Van Gogh, the Cubists and the Expressionists. Later during this period, he received steady income from the animal-anatomy lessons he gave to artists.
In 1909 Franz Marc joined a group of Expressionist artists known as the Neue Künstlervereinigung (New Artists Association). There he met August Macke, whose idiosyncratic use of broad areas of rich color led Marc to experiment with similar techniques. In 1910, Marc’s first solo show was held in Munich.
In 1910 Marc met Wassily Kandinsky, with him he founded the almanac "Der Blaue Reiter" in 1911 and organized exhibitions with this name. He was a principal member of the First German Salon d'Automne in 1913, led by Kandinsky, who split from the New Artists Association in the following year. Having long been interested in Eastern philosophies and religions, Marc responded enthusiastically to Kandinsky's almost mystical notion that art should lay bare the spiritual essence of natural forms instead of copying their objective appearance with exact verisimilitude. Under the influence of Kandinsky, Marc came to believe that spiritual essence is best revealed through abstraction. He believed that civilization destroys human awareness of the all-pervading spiritual force of nature. Consequently, he was passionately interested in the art of primitive peoples, children and the mentally ill. But his own work consisted primarily of animal studies, since he considered non-human forms of life to be the most expressive manifestation of the vital natural force.
This philosophy is mirrored in Marc's Blue Horses (1911), in which the powerfully simplified and rounded outlines of the horses are echoed in the rhythms of the landscape background, uniting both animals and setting into a vigorous and harmonious organic whole. In this oil painting as in his other mature works, Marc used a well-defined pallete of color. In 1912 Marc's admiration for the works of R. Delaunay and for the Italian Futurists made his art increasingly dynamic. He began to use the faceted space and forms of Delaunay's brightly colored Cubistic compositions to express the brutal power and the fragility of various forms of animal life.
When World War I broke out in August 1914, Marc enlisted. He was deeply troubled by August Macke’s death in action shortly thereafter. During the war, he produced his Sketchbook from the Field. Tragically, Marc was killed in battle at the age of 36, but not before he had created some of the most exciting and touching paintings of the Expressionist movement. The great German painter Franz Marc may be regarded as one of the originators of modern art and classified as one of the worlds artists.
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Dog Lying in the Snow
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The Yellow Cow
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Fighting Forms
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Blue Horses
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